NEREFS-in mipuite hnena micro finance (MF) hnuaia loan a pekchhuah danah chanchinbu kaltlanga inhnialna hmuh tur a awm ta fo mai a. Ziaktu hmasa lamten micro finance hrim hrim nihphungte an lo tarlang tawh thin niin ka hria a. Chuvangin, tun tumah chuan a bul thut atanga sawi tawh loin micro finance kan tih zinga chi khat micro lending emaw micro credit emaw chungchang kan thlurbing ang. Micro lending/micro credit tih chuan micro finance hnuaia sum tam tham lem lo inpuktir thin hi a ni mai a. Mizorama micro finance kan hriat dan ber pawh a ni nghe nghe.
Hetianga sum puktir thinte hi micro finance institution (MFI) an ti a. MFI tih hian hlawm hnihin a then theih a. Hlawm khat chu hlawkna um ni lem loa mi chanchhe zawkte khaichhuah tumna avang liau liaua pawl din - trust te, society te, cooperative society leh Section 25 of Companies Act 1956 hnuaia din company (not-for-profit NBFC) te an ni a. A hlawm khat leh chu hlawkna um (for-profit) a Reserve Bank of India (RBI) hnuaia Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) anga inziak lut a, Section 25 of Companies Act 1956 hnuaia din company-te an ni. India ramah for-profit NBFC MFI eng emaw zat an awm a. Chung zinga lian ber chu Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh-a hmunpui nei SKS Microfinance Ltd. a ni. SKS Microfinance phei hi chuan August thla khan Initial Public Offering (IPO) hlawhtling takin a siam nghe nghe a. India rama MFI zinga IPO issue hmasa ber a ni. MFI zingah RBI hnuaia NBFC anga inziak lut chu tlemte chuah an nih laiin, micro finance-a sum vir vel zawng zawng zaa sawmriat zet an chang thung.
An kalphung tlangpui
MFI-ho hian a tlangpuiin nationalised bank leh commercial bank atangte bakah financial institution, a bik takin NABARD leh SIDBI vel atangin Micro-Finance scheme hnuaiah loan an la tlangpui a. 9-14%pa velin emaw an la ngei ang. “Micro-Finance scheme hnuaiah,” ka tih hian a hranpa liau liau chuan bank-ho hian MFI-te tan dah hran chu an nei lo mai thei. Mahse, bank-te hian an loan pek chhuah theih zawng zawng zat atanga 40% vel chu priority sector loan an tih, loneitute leh small-scale industry-te tan an zuah a ngai a. Hemi hnuaiah hian, priority sector lending a ngaih a nih miau avangin, MFIs hnenah hian loan an pekchhuak ta thin a ni.
A chunga tarlang ang hian MFI-ho hian kum khata 9-14% vel punga bank atanga loan an hmuh kha a tlangpuiin 20-30% velin an customer-te hnenah an pechhuak ve leh ta thin a. An customer-te kan tih hian self-help group (SHG) te an ni tlangpui.
NEREFS chungchang bik
North Eastern Region Finservices Ltd. (NEREFS) hian RBI hnuaiah NBFC anga inziak lut a, registration number te pawh mumal taka nei niin an insawi a. An official website nerefs.com-ah erawh RBI hnuaia an in ziahluhna registration no. emaw an scheme hrang hrang leh interest rate te emaw tarlan a ni lem lo. Eng pawh ni se, an registration neih chu a nung (valid) ngei turah ngai ila.
An interest lak zat
Seltu tam berte tawngkam atanga a lan danin an interest sang uchuak lutuk hi kan helhtlan ber niin a hriat a. RBI-in interest rate reng reng kum khat bi (annualized) a tarlan tur a tih lain an brochure/leaflet en chuan an interest rate hi a thla bi (per month) a tarlan niin 2.5% a ni. Tin, interest rate tarlan hi RBI pawmpui bank-te leh NBFC dangte ang loin simple/flat interest rate niin fixed method a lak a ni. Hei hi NEREFS hnathawkte sawi dan chuan an customer tam zawkte chu lehkha zir sang lem lo an ni a; chuvanga an hriat thiam theih dan tura tarlan/chhut chu a ni. An thil sawi hi a dik ngei turah pawh ngai ang.
An chhut dan chuan Monthly Interest 2.5% a nih chuan kum khatah chuan 30% a ni ta mai a. Rs 50,000/- kum khat chhunga rulh zawh tur entirna hmangin chu chu sawifiah dawn ta ila. A vaia thla 12 interest chu Rs 15,000/- niin, principal leh interest belhkhawm chu Rs 65,000/- a ni a. Rs 65,000/- hi thla 12-a semsawm chuan thla tin Rs 5,417/- (rounded off) emaw kar tina rulh tur chuan kar 51-a sem niin, a chhuak chu Rs 1,275/- (rounded off) a ni. Tichuan kar 51 an rulh char char chuan an rulh tawpna berah Rs 25/- a chuan dawn avangin a kar tawpna berah chuan Rs 1,250/- rulh tur a ni ang.
Interest Rate dik tak zawk chu
Bank EMI (Equated Monthly Installment) chhut dan pangngaiah erawh diminishing balance method hmangin reducing interest lak a nih thin avangin Rs 50,000-ah chuan kum khat chhung chuan 2.5%pm/30%pa a nih chuan total interest Rs 8,492.28 chauh tur a ni. Tin, a tir lama EMI-ah principal aiin interest a tam zawk thin a (eg. 1st EMI-ah chuan P= Rs 3,624.36 + I= Rs 1,250), rulh zawh dawn hnaih lamah a principal a tam tual tual laiin a interest a tlem tual tual thung (eg. 12th EMI-ah chuan P= Rs 4,755.47 + I= 118.89).
A awmzia chu kum khat interest 30% (2.5%pm) inang rau rauah pawh loan rulh dan chhut dan pangngaiah chuan thlatin rulhna Rs 4,874.36 a nih laiin NEREFS-ah chuan flat/fixed interest an lak avangin Rs 5,417/- lai a ni bik ta daih a ni. An pek chhuah zawng zawng pawh 11.12% (Rs 65,000-58,492.32=Rs 6507.68) laiin a inthlau.
Interest rate an tarlan dan pawh hi a dik chiah lo. Chhut dan pangngaiah total interest Rs 8,492.28 a nih laiin NEREFS-ah Rs 15,000 a ni a. Chuvangin, an Real Rate of Interest chu 2.5% per month emaw 30% per annum ni loin, 4.29% per month emaw 51.44% per annum emaw daih a ni.
A awmzia chu NEREFS hian bank atanga loan a lakte diminishing balance method hmanga reducing interest-a a rulh laiin, mipuiin NEREFS-ah fixed interest an chhung lut ta ruih ruih mai a ni.
A tlangpuiin MFI-ho interest hi a sang hlawm em em deuh vek a. MFI zinga lian ber SKS pawh hian flat interest 12.5-15.0%, chu chu bank chhut danah chuan kum khatah 22.32%-26.62% vel an la ve tho a. MFI-ho kalphung a ni ve hrim hrim. Bank pangngaiho nena khaikhin chu a dik ber dawn loh avangin, an anpui SKS-in flat interest 15% a lak lain NEREFS chuan a let chiah 30% a la tihna a nih deuh tak mai chu.
Hmasawnna thar
Hetianga an interest a san uchuak em avang hian a puktu lamin an zo leh ta thin lo a. State thenkhatah phei chuan MFI-te hian an hnen atanga loan la, rul tha lote thin nan tihluihna leh tharum (coercion) an hman thin avangin loan lak rul tha leh thei lote zingah mahni intihlum sawi tur an awm ta fo mai. Andhra Pradesh state phei chuan tun hnai lawk October 15, 2010 khan he mi chungchangah hian dan (ordinance) a siam thar ta hial reng a. He Ordinance hi ‘Andhra Pradesh MicroFinance Institutions (regulation of money lending) Ordinance, 2010’ tih niin, an state chhunga MFI awm tawh phawt chu sawrkar-ah an inziahluh a ngai tawh dawn a. Tin, MFI zingah coercive measures hmanga ba thing an awm a, man chhuah an nih phei chuan kum thum chhung lungina tan emaw, pawisa fai cheng nuai khat chawi emaw, a pahnih emaw hian hrem theih an ni ang. Hetianga India rama state lian ber zinga mi meuhin hma a lak tak siah chuan, RBI pawhin he dan siam a nih tuk chiah October 16, 2010 khan MFI-te kalphung zirchiang tur leh interest rate sang tak tak an lak thinte ngei pawh a tihhniam dan kawng dap turin RBI-a Central Board of Director-te awmna sub-committee a din ve ta nghe nghe a. He committee hian thla thum chhungin report a thehluh dawn a ni.
Chuan engtin zel?
Bank rates chu kan hre vek, mahse an hnen atanga loan lak chu a har em em. Lak mai theih chu ni se tuma’n NEREFS an pan lo ang. Bank-ho chuan direct-a mipuite hnena loan pekchhuah a, hmut let leh loh tam tak awm thin aiin, recovery records nei tha MFI-ho hnena a hlawma pek chhuah a, hmuh let leh zung zung an duh zawk ngei ang. Tin, priority sector tana an target tur 40% an phak loh pawh a, MFI tana loan an pekchhuah chhiar tel a nih miau avangin anni tan chuan an tih tur hlenna awlsam leh tha a lo ni zel bawk si a.
Tin, MFI-ten mi chanchhe zawkte loan an pek hian a tlangpuiin 95% chunglam an hmu let leh ngei ngei an ti a, NEREFS-ah phei chuan 99% a ni. Hetia an recovery rate a that em avang hian bank-ho tan pawh MFI-te hnena loan pek chhuah hi a chakawm zek zek ang tih chu hai rual a ni lo. MFI an pun belh zel a, an hlawk zawh poh leh bank-ho an hlawk dawn tihna a nih mai hmel.
A pawimawh ber chu India hian MFI-hoin loan/credit facility an kalpui danah uniform regulatory framework tha tawk tak, mirethei zawkte veng theitu tur duang chhuak vat se a tha ber. Tunah hi chuan micro finance hmingpu sia loan an pek dan hi chu thlirna tlang khat atang chuan “dan hnuaia miretheite rawkna chi khat” a tih loh theih loh. Sawrkar laipui lah chuan miretheite chhanchhuana programme-ah ngaiin MF hi a ngai pawimawh phian mai si a.
Bank tam tak chuan MFI-te interest rate lak thin hi diminishing balance method-a chhutin 24%pa bak pel lo tura siam an rawt hlawm a. Chutih rualin, RBI hian bank-te chu MFI-ho loan an pekchhuahin, MFI-hoin loan an pekchhuah ve lehna tur bituksak turin a lo ti tawh thin a. Mahse, tu bank mahin an la zawm thei tak tak lo chu a nih rih hmel. Central Bank ber hian an interest rate hi a cap-sak ngam tak tak meuh ang em tih zawk a ni. MFI-ho pawh, bank-ho pawh, a tu a te pawh hlep duh vek an ni bawk si a, an inthlungkual vek bawk nen. MFI-te hian credit rating agency (CRISIL, ICRA etc.)-te atangin ratings la ngei se; tichuan interest sang uchuak an la la fo a nih pawhin an ratings a hniam tawh dawn avangin bank atanga loan hmuh thar belh a harsa tawh ngei dawn a, chu chuan an interest lak thin a hnukhniam lo thei lo dawn a ni.
Engtikah nge kan state hian keini aia fing zawk, lian zawk leh changkang zawk Andhra Pradesh hnung hi a zui ve dawn le?
