Lockdown man
April 14, 2020 thlenga India ram pum kan inkharkhip man hi USD 120 billion (Rs 9 lakh crore vel) hu lai ni turin Barclays chuan a chhût a. Chu chu kan kum khat thawh chhuah zât (GDP) aṭanga 4% lai a tling. Ni 19 dang kan la inkharkhip leh tur nen phei chuan a lêt a tling thei hial awm e.
India sorkarin a economy chhan nân eng zât nge a theh chhuah tawh?
Fiscal policy lamah:
Fiscal policy tih chuan economic activities hrang hrangte thunun nâna chhiah (taxation) leh sum hmanna (spending) lama sorkarin thutlukna a siam ṭhinte sawina a ni.
Central sorkar chuan COVID-19 buaina avanga kan economy chhan nan Rs 1.7-lakh crore a ruahman a. Chu chu GDP aṭanga 0.8% vel chauh a ni. Hei hian sum faia mi harsa zawkte bank account-a thun tur scheme hrang hrang te, mi pakhat tana buhfai kg 5 ṭheuh a thlawna sem tur te leh gas (LPG) a thlawna sem tur te bakah, COVID-19 atana damdawi ina thawkte an borala cheng nuai 50 zela ralna atâna sum hman turte a huam. Hemi bakah hian sorkar chuan hriselna lama kan hmanraw neih (health infrastructure)-te thuam chak nân cheng vaibelchhe 15,000 (GDP aṭanga 0.1%) chu a lo ruahman tawh bawk a. Heti hian sorkar laipui chuan COVID-19 pual hian sum, GDP aṭanga 0.9% vel 'chauh' a la ruahman tihna a ni.
Monetary Policy lamah:
Monetary policy tih chuan central bank, RBI-in economy-a sum lêng vâk leh pûk tur awm zât a thununna hmanrua ti ila a chiang mai awm e.
Hemi hnuaiah hian RBI chuan bank-te’n a (RBI) hnen aṭanga sum an pukna ṭhin interest rate (repo rate) chu 5.15% aṭangin 75 basis point-in 4.40%-ah a tihniam a. Bank-te’n an sum neihte RBI-a an dah ṭawl reng loh nan, RBI-in bank-te hnena sum a puk lêt ṭhinna interest rate (reverse repo rate) chu 4.90% aṭangin 90 basis point-in 4%-ah a tihniam bawk. Hêngte hi economy-a sum hman tur lêng vâk a tam theih nân, demand siam nâna tih a ni.
Hei bakah hian RBI chuan bank leh financial institution-te chu credit card leh loan chi hrang hrang an pek chhuahte tan equated monthly installment (EMI) rulh ngai te chu thla thum chhung atâna tihkhawtlai (moratorium) a lo phalsak tawh bawk a. Hei hian loan latute a chhâwk zângkhâi thei tura ngaih a nih laiin, loan latu tan thla thum chhunga interest pek ngai sa bakah, a rulh rih loh chhûng zawnga a pun belhna zawng pek leh tho a ngaih avângin, tunah hian advocate pakhat chuan Supreme Court-ah petition a thehlut a. He petition-ah hian loan latuin thla thum chhunga interest a pêk ngai sa bakah, a pêk rih loh vânga a pung dang lo inbelh te chu a zaivaia pêk ngai lo law law tur leh, pêk rik loh theih hun chhung atâna thla thum ruat chu a aia rei zâwk phalsak turin RBI chu a ngen a ni.
Sorkarin economy tihchak nâna sum a ruahman zat hi a tam tawk em?
Mithiamte chuan economic stimulus package atan hian kan GDP aṭanga 10% vel tal a ngai dawn niin an sawi a. Chu chu $200 billion (Rs 15 lakh crore) vel a ni. India rama sumdawng pawl hrang hrang khaikhâwmtu ASSOCHAM (The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India) phei chuan $200 aṭanga $300 billion thleng thehchhuah sorkarin a inhuam a ngai dawn an ti hial zâwk a ni. US chuan stimulus atan hian $2.2 trillion a lo puang tawh a. Hei hi an GDP $20 trillion aṭanga 11% lâi a tling. Malaysia phei chuan an GDP aṭanga 18% dâwn a theh chhuak.
Sorkarin a tih theih dang leh te:
Mi rethei zawkte ṭanpuina tur hi chu central sorkar chuan welfare scheme a neih sate hmangin tunah hian a rawn pe chhuak ṭan mêk a. Hei bakah hian, lockdown vânga hna chawlh ngai tate chhawmdawlna pakhat atân hnathawk chhawrtu (employer)-te chuan an mi chhawrte ṭheuh thla tin Rs 5,000-6,000 inkar ṭheuh lo pe chhuak rih phawt se. Hlawh atana an sum pek chhuah chu nakinah bank kaltlangin sorkarin rul leh mai se. Tin, interest awm lo emaw interest tlem zawkin emaw sumdawng tenau zâwk (small business)-te tan loan pêk chhuah ni bawk se.
GST rate hrang hrangte 50%-in tihhniam ṭheuh ni se. Income Tax pe ṭhînte tân pawisa hman tur tam zâwk an neih theih nân, a pe tur chin bithliahna, nuai 20 leh a chung lam tana
slab awm mêk hi tihtawpsak rih ni thei se. Auto loan, home loan, domestic holidays leh domestically assembled consumer goods te loan hmanga lei nan interest awm loa EMI plan duan chhuah ni bawk se. Hengte hi mipuite’n thil an lei ngam nân leh pawisa hman chhuah a awm theih nân a ṭangkai thei viau ang.
ZONET-a
"COVID-19: Mizoram Ei leh Bar" chungchâng sawihona-ah khan thil pakhat – lockdown chhunga a mamawhtute hnenah COVID-19 laka him tho chung sia essential commodities te a thlen zung zung theih nan, FMCG distributor-te channel neih sa kha hman ṭangkai ni se, tih kha an rawn rawt a. Hei hi tihpuitlin a ṭul tak zet. Hei bakah hian, Aizawl leh khaw danga courier/delivery agent hrang hrangte logistics chain lo neih sa kha hman ṭangkai ni ngei bawk se. Anni hi home delivery kal hmang hre sa leh mahni bial hran ṭheuh nei sa an nih avangin mipuiin kan tangkaipuiin kan awlsam phah hle dawn a ni. An delivery boy-te employment tâwp ta kan chhunzawmtir leh thei dawn tihna a ni nghal bawk ang.
Relief measure pakhat atan UBI (Universal Basic Income) hman theih a ni ang em?
India rama kan welfare scheme neih saho hi huam bîk (targeted) nei vek an ni a. BPL tan bika tuna centre-in ṭanpuina a rawn tih chhuahte pawh hi a dawng thei tur te, zanin Zonet-a
"COVID-19: Mizoram Ei leh Bar" chungchang sawihona an neiha an sawi lan tho, chhungkaw 19.8% te chauh kha hriat chian sa an ni emaw a lo ni ang a. Inkharkhip vanga BPL chhungkaw zat 36% vel ni chho tura an chhûta a belh thartu chhungkaw 16.2% dik takte kha zawn chhuah (identify) a lo ngai leh dawn ta a. Section level-a YMA-in baseline survey a neih ṭhin laite pawh khan dik thei ang bera in-identify kha buaithlâk riauna lai a awm ve ṭhin tho mai. Chuvângin, scheme-in ṭanpui a tum tak (targeted) te kha ṭhelh palh theih an ni. A dang lehah chuan, thil tih ngai hmasa (conditional) awm zel hi a buaithlakna lai pakhat a ni leh a. Entir nân, khawvela sikul chhun chaw semna programme lian ber an tih, Mid-day Meal Scheme-ah pawh hian naupang khan sikul a kal hmasak phawt loh chuan (conditional) a dawng theih tlat lo a ni.
UBI hi chu khua leh tui tawh phawt chu hnathawk an ni emaw, ni lo emaw, inthlei bîkna awm miah loha inzât tlânga khua leh tuite hnena sorkarin sum fai a pek chhuahna scheme a ni a. An sum dawn chu a hmanna tur bîk pawh awm chuang loa eng atân pawh hman theih a ni a. Zu man aṭanga leiba rulh nan thlengin hman a thiang vek tihna a ni. Africa-a UBI scheme an enchhinna pakhatah chuan, $1 an pêk chhuahin an tualchhung economy-ah hlawkna $1.27 aṭanga $2.60 inkar zel a siam thei tih an hmu chhuak. A dawngtute rilru pawh a hlim zawk an ti.
A concept hrim hrim phei chu tuna targeted leh conditional welfare scheme kan neih saho - PM GKS leh DBT hrang hrang hrangte ai hian huapzo policy a nih ang ngeiin, tih bik nei lo leh huam chin bik awm lo a nih avangin a effective zawk ngei ang a. Thawk loa sum hmuhna a nih avangin, dâwngdahna leh thawh chhuah ve tumna nei lovin a dawngtute a siam thei ang lo ti tan pawh, tun hripui len lai, mi tam zawkin hna kan thawh theih loh lai tak te phei hi chuan a effective lehzual ngei ang le.
India-in welfare scheme kan lo neih tawh leh neih mekte hi chu a pawisa fai ni lo, a bungrua (in kind) te pek chhuah a nih ṭhin avangin, a dawng tur dik takin dawng lo a, a dawng lo tur zawkin dawng ta daih tih te tun thlengin a la ni reng. A kal kawngah hian pût ru a awm thei zel tho ṭhin a nih hmel.
Mahse, kan sum neih hian a tlin tak tak meuh ang em tih kha a pawimawh zawk chu a ni a. Tuna welfare scheme kan neihsa hnuaia subsidies - PDS, LPG etc - hrang hrang fund nan hian kan GDP aṭangin 4% vel kan hmang an ti a. Hei bakah hian, MGNREGA hnuaia ‘right to work’ atan ringawt pawh hian GDP aṭanga 0.4% hman ṭhin a ni. UBI hnuaiah mi pakhatin kum khatah Rs 13,400 zel lo dawng dawn ta ila, kan GDP aṭanga 11% vel lai hman a ngai dawn niin an sawi a. Hemi tuak belh tur chuan sorkarin chhiah chi hrang hrang a lâk ṭhinte a tihpun a ngai ngei ang a. Kan inkharkhip vanga economic activities tam zawk a chawlh ṭhûap tak si-ah chuan chhiah tihpun lam chu ngaihtuah theih a ni kher lo ang.
Kum 2017-a India ram Economic Survey ah te pawh UBI hi tarlan (outlined) a lo ni ve tawh hrim hrim te, tun hripui lêng vanga ram ṭhen khata UBI ang chi kalpui an ni chho ta te leh, ram hrang hranga politician-te zingah tuipuitu an pung chho zel tak avângte hian he scheme hian hmalam êng tak a nei thei mai âwm mang e.
Eng tin nge kan awmzui ang?
Lockdown hi economic activities chhunzawm theih nan thlah dul deuh a lo ni emaw, lockdown a lo tawp ta a nih pawhin, kan inkharkhip hmaa kan khawsak ngai ang khan awm a rem tawh dawn chuang lo a. Social distancing, metre hnih inhlat tala awm, kut sil fai ngun, pawn chhuah dawn chuan hmai tuam ngei ngei, vantlâng hmuna chil chhah mai mai tawh loh tih te leh puipunna ang chi tam zâwk chu kan siam loh chhunzawm a la ngai dawn tho a. Khawvel pumah hrilêng a reh hma chu hêngte hi nunphung pangngai thar
(new normal)-a kan pawm thiama kan zawm tlat a ngai zawk dawn a ni. Inveng chung sia
new normal neih thiam a pawimawh a ni ta ber a nih chu.
I thla thum lakluh ang zât tal khâwl tawh ang che:
Personal finance hûangah chuan hriat lâwk loh thil leh emergency atâna hman atan kan thla thum lakluh ang zat tal khâwl tura beisei kan ni a. Sum khawl hi tû tân pawh thil harsa tak a ni nachungin, inkhawl (savings) pawimawhzia chu hetia kan han inkharkhip reng tâkah chuan a lang chiang lehzual viau awm e. Chuvângin, kawng sîra thil zuar ṭhin kan ni emaw, motor silfaitu kan ni emaw, driver kan ni emaw, sumdawng kan ni emaw, sorkar hnathawk kan ni emaw, kan lak luh a tam emaw a tlem emaw, thla thum lakluh ang zat tal kan khawl ṭheuh chuan tun ang lockdown hi a ngai leh dawn a nih pawhin, kan hmachhawn dan a zângkhâi zawk tawh ngei ang le.
